Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fernald
Gall of the earth, three-leaved rattlesnake-root, three-leaved rattle
Kingdom Plantae Plants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae
Subkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients
Division Magnoliophyta Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms
Class Magnoliopsida Dicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves
Subclass Asteridae A large class that encompasses asters
Order Asterales Flowering plants with a central disk flower and surrounding petals, like daisies
Family Asteraceae The aster family, which also includes daisies and sunflowers; from the Greek ἀστήρ, “star,” for the star-shaped flowers
Genus Prenanthes From Greek prenes, “prone, prostrate, with face downward,” and anthos, “flower”
Species trifoliolata “Three-leaved”
About plant names...
Gall-of-the-earth is a North American native. It favors dry woodlands.
Plants: 12-59″ (30-150 cm) high, with green
stems sometimes mottled with purple. They often branch into multiple flower stalks at the top.
Leaves: 1-4½″ (3-12 cm) × ⅜-6″ (1-15 cm), deltate , hastate , or ovate . No two leaves look the same. The leaves
have fairly long petioles , and the portion of the stem close to each leaf is winged.
Flowers: Cream-colored, sometimes tinged with green or pink. Maybe it is just coincidence, but every time I
see them, the flowers look kind of frumpy.
They are trumpet-shaped and nodding , like little
bells. Flowers appear from September to October.
Online References:
Discover Life
Www.jeffpippen.com
The Connecticut Botanical Society's Connecticut wildflowers site
The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
Nametheplant.net (Native & Naturalized Plants of the Carolinas and Georgia)
EFloras
References:
Clemants, Steven; Gracie, Carol, Wildflowers in the Field and Forest , Oxford University Press, 2006 , p. 294
7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts · ≈ 3 × 4½″ (7.9 × 11 cm) ID is uncertain
7/25/2013 · Beaver Brook Assn Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire · ≈ 8 × 6″ (20 × 14 cm)
7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts · ≈ 10 × 15″ (26 × 39 cm) ID is uncertain
8/14/2010 · Nashua River Boat Ramp, Rte. 119, Groton, Massachusetts · ≈ 9 × 6″ (23 × 15 cm) ID is uncertain
8/25/2019 · Blue Trail, Willard Brook State Park, Ashby, Massachusetts
8/25/2019 · Blue Trail, Willard Brook State Park, Ashby, Massachusetts
8/28/2021 · Otter Brook Preserve, Harpswell, Maine · ≈ 3 × 4½″ (7.9 × 11 cm)
8/2/2010 · Beaver Brook Association Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire · ≈ 2½ × 3½″ (6.6 × 9.8 cm) ID is uncertain
8/28/2021 · Otter Brook Preserve, Harpswell, Maine · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 15 cm)
8/2/2010 · Beaver Brook Association Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire · ≈ 7 × 11″ (18 × 27 cm) ID is uncertain
8/14/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, East Pepperell, Massachusetts · ≈ 8 × 12″ (20 × 31 cm)
6/2/2013 · Beaver Brook Assn Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire · ≈ 7 × 10″ (16 × 25 cm)
9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 15 cm)
7/31/2015 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue Trail, Ashby, Massachusetts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (16 × 23 cm)
7/31/2015 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue Trail, Ashby, Massachusetts · ≈ 8 × 6″ (20 × 14 cm)
7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine
8/14/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, East Pepperell, Massachusetts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (15 × 23 cm)
Older scientific or horticultural names
Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass.
Prenanthes trifoliolata description by Thomas H. Kent, last updated 17 Oct 2023.
© FloraFinder.org. All rights reserved.
8/14/2010 · Nashua River Boat Ramp, Rte. 119, Groton, Massachusetts · ≈ 8 × 5″ (19 × 13 cm) ID is uncertain
9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire · ≈ 9 × 6″ (23 × 16 cm)
8/25/2019 · Blue Trail, Willard Brook State Park, Ashby, Massachusetts
6/4/2021 · Robert P. Tristram Coffin Wild Flower Reservation, Woolwich, Maine · ≈ 8 × 5″ (20 × 13 cm)
9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire · ≈ 9 × 6″ (22 × 15 cm)
7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts · ≈ 3 × 4½″ (7.9 × 11 cm) ID is uncertain
8/25/2019 · Blue Trail, Willard Brook State Park, Ashby, Massachusetts
7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine
7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine
8/2/2010 · Beaver Brook Association Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire · ≈ 9 × 14″ (23 × 35 cm) ID is uncertain
7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (14 × 22 cm) ID is uncertain
7/25/2013 · Beaver Brook Assn Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire · ≈ 8 × 5″ (19 × 12 cm)
9/4/2016 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue T, Ashby, Massachusetts ID is uncertain
9/4/2016 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue T, Ashby, Massachusetts ID is uncertain
9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire · ≈ 8 × 5″ (19 × 13 cm)
7/31/2015 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue Trail, Ashby, Massachusetts · ≈ 6 × 9″ (16 × 23 cm)
7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts · ≈ 8 × 12″ (20 × 31 cm) ID is uncertain
7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine
6/4/2021 · Robert P. Tristram Coffin Wild Flower Reservation, Woolwich, Maine · ≈ 8 × 5″ (20 × 13 cm)
9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire · ≈ 9 × 6″ (23 × 16 cm)
Range:
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