Cakile edentula (Sea rocket)

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Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook.

Sea rocket

Kingdom	Plantae	Plants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae
Subkingdom	Tracheobionta	Vascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients
Division	Magnoliophyta	Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida	Dicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves
Subclass	Rosidae	Roses, legumes, proteas, dogwoods, hydrangeas, mistletoes, euphorbias, grapes, many more
Order	Brassicales	Mustard, cabbage, caper, papaya, nasturtiums, many others; most produce mustard oil
Family	Brassicaceae	Mustards, cabbages
Genus	Cakile	An old Arabic name for this plant
Species	edentula	Without teeth

About plant names...

American sea rocket, named for its rocket-like seed pods, is native to beaches and sand dunes of eastern North America. It is an invasive in Japan and Australia.

Plants: Plants are 6-20" (15-50 cm) high, and about the same around, with succulent stems. They look rather disheveled, like tumbleweed.

Leaves: Basal leaves are ovate to spatulate. Leaves are alternate, 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) × ¼-½" (6.3-12 mm), oblanceolate, with crenate, shallowly lobed, or undulate margins.

Flowers: Upper stems bear racemes of flowers 2-10" (5-25 cm) long. Flowers are up to ¼" (6.3 mm) around, lavender to white, with 4 petals, 6 stamens, and a pistil with a single style. Flowers appear from July to September.

Fruits: Each seedpod is elongated, ½-¾" (1.3-1.9 cm) long, and comprised of two segments. The lower segment is roughly cylindrical and about ¼" (6.3 mm) long. The upper segment is a cylinder about ½" (1.3 cm) long, that tapers to a beak. Each segment typically contains a seed. There is a reason for the complex-seeming design: the upper segment floats, and carries its payload on a sea adventure to a distant locale. Meanwhile, the lower segment typically sprouts nearby.

Edibility: Young stems and leaves are “pungent,” somewhat like horseradish. Young leaves are mixed with other greens in salads, and older stronger tasting leaves are cooked with other leaves as a potherb.

Online References:

Illinois Wildflowers (Cakile edentula var. lacustris)

The New England Wildflower Society’s GoBotany site

The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

JSTOR Plant Science