Prenanthes trifoliolata (Gall of the earth)

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Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fernald

Gall of the earth, three-leaved rattlesnake-root, three-leaved rattle

Kingdom	Plantae	Plants, but not fungi, lichens, or algae
Subkingdom	Tracheobionta	Vascular plants—plants with a “circulatory system” for delivering water and nutrients
Division	Magnoliophyta	Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms
Class	Magnoliopsida	Dicotyledons—plants with two initial seed leaves
Subclass	Asteridae	A large class that encompasses asters
Order	Asterales	Flowering plants with a central disk flower and surrounding petals, like daisies
Family	Asteraceae	The aster family, which also includes daisies and sunflowers; from the Greek ἀστήρ, “star,” for the star-shaped flowers
Genus	Prenanthes	From Greek prenes, “prone, prostrate, with face downward,” and anthos, “flower”
Species	trifoliolata	“Three-leaved”

About plant names...

Gall-of-the-earth is a North American native. It favors dry woodlands.

Plants: 12-59" (30-150 cm) high, with green stems sometimes mottled with purple. They often branch into multiple flower stalks at the top.

Leaves: 1-4½" (3-12 cm) × ⅜-6" (1-15 cm), deltate, hastate, or ovate. No two leaves look the same. The leaves have fairly long petioles, and the portion of the stem close to each leaf is winged.

Flowers: Cream-colored, sometimes tinged with green or pink. Maybe it is just coincidence, but every time I see them, the flowers look kind of frumpy. They are trumpet-shaped and nodding, like little bells. Flowers appear from September to October.

Online References:

Discover Life

Www.jeffpippen.com

The Connecticut Botanical Society's Connecticut wildflowers site

The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center

Nametheplant.net (Native & Naturalized Plants of the Carolinas and Georgia)

EFloras

References:

Clemants, Steven; Gracie, Carol, Wildflowers in the Field and Forest, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 294

7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts
≈ 2½ × 3½" (6.6 × 9.7 cm) ID is uncertain

7/25/2013 · Beaver Brook Assn Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire
≈ 7 × 6" (18 × 14 cm)

7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts
≈ 10 × 15" (26 × 39 cm) ID is uncertain

8/14/2010 · Nashua River Boat Ramp, Rte. 119, Groton, Massachusetts
≈ 6 × 6" (15 × 15 cm) ID is uncertain

8/28/2021 · Otter Brook Preserve, Harpswell, Maine
≈ 2½ × 3½" (6.5 × 8.8 cm)

8/2/2010 · Beaver Brook Association Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire
≈ 2½ × 3½" (6.6 × 9.8 cm) ID is uncertain

8/28/2021 · Otter Brook Preserve, Harpswell, Maine
≈ 9 × 6" (22 × 15 cm)

8/2/2010 · Beaver Brook Association Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire
≈ 7 × 9" (18 × 21 cm) ID is uncertain

8/14/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, East Pepperell, Massachusetts
≈ 8 × 12" (20 × 31 cm)

6/2/2013 · Beaver Brook Assn Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire
≈ 7 × 8" (16 × 19 cm)

9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire
≈ 2 × 2½" (5.9 × 6.5 cm)

7/31/2015 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue Trail, Ashby, Massachusetts
≈ 6 × 7" (16 × 18 cm)

7/31/2015 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue Trail, Ashby, Massachusetts
≈ 8 × 6" (20 × 14 cm)

7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine

8/14/2009 · Nashua River Rail Trail, East Pepperell, Massachusetts
≈ 6 × 8" (15 × 19 cm)

8/14/2010 · Nashua River Boat Ramp, Rte. 119, Groton, Massachusetts
≈ 4 × 4½" (10 × 11 cm) ID is uncertain

9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire
≈ 6 × 5" (16 × 13 cm)

Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass.

Prenanthes trifoliolata description by Thomas H. Kent, last updated 19 Aug 2023.

6/4/2021 · Robert P. Tristram Coffin Wild Flower Reservation, Woolwich, Maine
≈ 8 × 5" (20 × 13 cm)

9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire
≈ 2½ × 2½" (7.3 × 7 cm)

7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts
≈ 3 × 4½" (7.9 × 11 cm) ID is uncertain

7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine

8/2/2010 · Beaver Brook Association Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire
≈ 9 × 14" (23 × 35 cm) ID is uncertain

7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts
≈ 6 × 9" (14 × 22 cm) ID is uncertain

7/25/2013 · Beaver Brook Assn Conservation Lands, Rte. 130, Hollis, New Hampshire
≈ 6 × 5" (16 × 12 cm)

9/4/2016 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue T, Ashby, Massachusetts ID is uncertain

9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire
≈ 3½ × 3" (9.7 × 7.9 cm)

7/31/2015 · Willard Brook State Park, Blue Trail, Ashby, Massachusetts
≈ 6 × 7" (14 × 18 cm)

7/20/2010 · Nashua River Rail Trail, Ayer, Massachusetts
≈ 8 × 9" (20 × 23 cm) ID is uncertain

7/24/2023 · Tarbox Preserve, Topsham, Maine

6/4/2021 · Robert P. Tristram Coffin Wild Flower Reservation, Woolwich, Maine
≈ 7 × 5" (18 × 13 cm)

9/7/2013 · Beech Hill, Dublin, New Hampshire
≈ 7 × 6" (18 × 14 cm)

Range:

About this map...